Liberty Caps
Psilocybe Semilanceata is a species of magic mushrooms with psychedelic effects, They are commonly known as Liberty Cap mushrooms, and can be distinguished by their pointed, conical-shaped caps. They mainly grow in wetlands across warmer parts of the world.
Liberty Caps have average psilocybin potency and can be consumed in different ways.
Below is a detailed look at these magic mushrooms.
Important Disclaimer
The information we provide below is only a starting point. If you don’t have experience hunting for mushrooms, buy a detailed guide, and be sure to go hunting with an experienced forager. NEVER consume any mushroom unless you are absolutely sure of its identity. Every year people die after consuming poisonous mushrooms. And with some species, just one mushroom is enough to kill you.
Also, in many areas mushrooms containing psilocybin remain illegal, and penalties for possession are severe. Make sure that you are aware of the laws in your region before picking one of these mushrooms.
History of Psilocybe Semilanceata
Liberty Cap Mushroom
The first recorded case of psychoactivity of the liberty cap was in London in 1799. A family had picked some mushrooms in a park for their food. After consuming the mushrooms, their pupils dilated, and they went into a state of delirium.
For a long time, mycologists did not understand why psilocybe semilanceata had mind-altering effects when consumed. However, in 1960, mycologist Albert Hoffman established that the psilocybin components in the mushrooms were responsible. In the 1970s, liberty caps gained popularity as people started deliberately using them as a tripping substance.
Etymology
The scientific name for these mushrooms is psilocybe semilanceata. Semilanceata means “half spearhead” in Latin, and the caps do look vaguely like half of a spearhead.
Mycologist Elias Magnus Fries was the first to name this mushroom species. He initially named them Agraricus Semilanceatus. However, the mushrooms were later renamed several times by other mycologists until they became known as Psilocybe Semilanceata, as named by Jacob Emanuel Lange in 1936.
While liberty cap is the common colloquial name for psilocybe semilanceata, these mushrooms are also sometimes called Phrygian caps.
Appearance
Liberty Cap Identification
As mentioned earlier, liberty cap mushrooms have bell-like, conical-shaped caps. The shape of the caps remains the same throughout the lifetime of the mushroom. The cap margin (edge) is rolled in for the younger liberty caps but unrolls to become straight as the mushroom ages. In some cases, the margins even roll upwards as the mushrooms mature.
The caps are hygrophanous, which means that their color varies depending on the moisture levels in their surroundings. The caps are pale brown in moist surroundings, but in drier environments, they are chestnut brown with a darker brown at the center. As the caps dry, they become paler and take on an almost yellowish-brownish color. When bruised, they turn bluish-greenish.
When in a moist environment, the radial grooves corresponding to the gills underneath can be seen on the caps. Wet psilocybe semilanceata caps tend to be sticky. You can see a thin gelatinous film if you peel back or break the mushroom cap. If exposed to the sun, the gelatinous film dries up, turns whitish, loses its malleability, and cannot be peeled backward.
Gills
Underneath the caps, the Psilocybe Semilanceata have 15-27 narrow and moderately spaced gills. Each gill is independently and freely attached to the stem. The gills are initially pale brown, but they become darker purple-brown as the mushroom matures.
Spore Print
The spores are reddish, purple-brown in color.
Stems
Liberty Caps have yellowish-brownish slender stems. These mushrooms range between 1 3/4″ and 5 1/2″ in height. The stems tend to be thicker at the base.

Veil
Psilocybe Semilanceata has a temporary, thin, cobweb-like veil that disappears as the mushroom matures. The veil is thin and membrane-like. After fading away, the veil leaves an annular zone on the stem. The region where it was attached to the stem becomes darker as the mushroom ages.
Season
Liberty caps flourish in high humidity and die when the temperature is too low. As a result, they mostly fruit during autumn and die in winter. They can be easily located in warmer climates between September and December.
Habitat
Where To Find Liberty Caps
Psilocybe Semilanceata flourishes in wetlands. Therefore, they can be found in dunes, grasslands, clay grounds, and old farms. They particularly do well on horse manure and in lands that have been enriched with artificial fertilizers.
Liberty caps do not grow on trees or in forests.
Psilocybe Semilanceata Potency
Psilocybe Semilanceata contains psilocybin and baeocystin psychoactive compounds. The psilocybin potency varies depending on the specific liberty cap mushroom, with an average concentration of 1% per the dried mushroom’s weight.
Cultivating Psilocybe Semilanceata
Magic mushroom enthusiasts have reported that it is difficult to grow Psilocybe Semilanceata. This is because they feed on putrescent grassroots, a condition that is difficult to create if you are growing them at home.
Consumption
Dried Liberty Caps
Liberty caps can be consumed in various ways, including brewing in tea, chewing them raw, or incorporating them in other recipes. They have a bitter taste, and some prefer to add some lemon juice to them to make them more palatable.
Effects of Consuming Psilocybe Semilanceata
Liberty caps are considered to be one of the “friendlier” magic mushrooms and are considered ideal for beginners. Users have reported feeling happy, empathetic, and social after they consume liberty caps.
Generally, liberty cap mushroom cause mild hallucinations. On the other hand, some users reported experiencing negative effects after consuming liberty caps such as stomach aches, painful limbs, and heaviness in arms and limbs. When taken in large amounts, they may cause severe hallucinations and confusion.
Legality
Liberty caps is illegal in most US states and the majority of Europe. Like other psilocybin mushrooms, Liberty cap mushroom is classified under Class A drugs in the UK and Schedule 1 drug in the US, which are prohibited as per the 1971 United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances.
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